 |
 | Indices for Evaluating Dental Health Status |
| |  | Calculus Surface Index |
| | | Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) |
| | | Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index |
| | | Gingival Bleeding Index of Carter and Barnes |
| | | Gingival Bone Count |
| | | Navy Plaque Index |
| | | Navy Periodontal Disease Index |
| | | Oral Hygiene Index |
| | | Periodontitis Severity Index |
| | | Periodontal Treatment Need System (PTNS) |
| | | Quigley and HeinÕs Plaque Index, as Modified by Turesky et al |
| | | Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI) |
| | | Gingival Index of Loe and Silness |
| | | Periodontal Index of Russell |
| | | The Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) of Ramfjord |
| | | The Plaque Formation Rate Index (PFRI) of Axelsson |
| | | The Bleeding Index (BI) of Edwards |
| | | The Columbia Gingival Index (GI) for Gingivitis |
| Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders |
| |  | Activity Limitation Scale for Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders |
| | | Clinical Stages of Internal Derangement in the Temporomandibular Joint |
| | | Diagnostic Criteria of the Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society for Temporomandibular Joint Disease |
| | | Indications and Contraindications of Going for Arthroscopic Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disease |
| | | Jaw Claudication |
| Periodontal Surgical Therapy |
| | | Contraindications to Performing Periodontal Osseous Resective Surgery |
| | | Healing Index of Landry, Turnbull and Howley |
| Evaluation of Malocclusion and Need for Orthodontic Treatment |
| | | Handicapping Labio-Lingual Deviation (HLD) Index |
| | | The California Modification of the Handicapping Labiolingual Deviation [HLD(CalMod)] Index |
| | | The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) |
| | | The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) |
| | | Grading Scheme of Gottlieb for Evaluating the Results of Orthodontic Treatment |
| | | Classification of Angle for Dental Occlusion |
| Systems for Dental Notation |
| | | Systems for Dental Notation |
| Using a Simple Classification System in Planning the Surgical Management of Maxillomandibular Asymmetry |
| | | Using a Simple Classification System in Planning the Surgical Management of Maxillomandibular Asymmetry |
| Cephalometric Analysis |
| | | Diagnosis of the Long Face Syndrome |
| | | Vertical Indicator (VI) of Miyajima et al for Patients with Class III Malocclusions |
| Xerostomia (Dry Mouth) |
| | | Criteria for the Diagnosis of Xerostomia |
| | | Drugs and Other Risk Factors for Xerostomia |
| | | Management of a Patient with Xerostomia |
| Cariology |
| | | Risk Factors for Caries Development |
| | | Severity Grades of Root Surface Caries |
| | | Root Caries Index (RCI) of Katz |
| | | Risk Factors for Root Caries in the Elderly |
| | | Clinical and Radiographic Scoring of Dental Caries |
| | | Diagnostic Criteria of Moller and Poulsen for Dental Caries |
| | | Four Point Scale of Axelsson for Predicting Caries Risk Based on PFRI Score and Streptococcus mutans Levels |
| | | Descriptive Classification of DePaola et al for Dental Root Surface Caries |
| Dental and Orofacial Trauma |
| | | Mandibular Fracture Score |
| | | Risk Factors for Dental Trauma |
| | | Evaluation of a Patient for Complications After Mandibular Fracture |
| | | Clinical Findings Associated with Mandibular Fracture |
| | | Traumatic Macroglossia Secondary to Massive Lingual Hematoma |
| | | Clinical Features of a "Parade Ground" Fracture |
| Cleft Lip and Palate |
| | | Estimation of the Possibility to Restore a Positive Overjet in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate |
| | | Evaluating the Outcome of Surgical Repair for a Cleft Lip and Palate Using the Nasolabial
Attractiveness Scale of Asher-McDade et al. |
| Oral Leukoplakia |
| | | LCP Classification and Staging System for Oral Leukoplakia |
| | | Criteria for the Diagnosis of Oral Hairy Leukoplakia |
| | | Prognostic Markers of Sudbo et al for Oral Leukoplakia, Including DNA Content |
| Assessment of the Tonsils and Adenoids |
| | | Estimating Adenoidal Obstruction of the Nasopharyngeal Airway in Children |
| | | Clinical Indicators of the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery for Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy |
| | | Outcome Measures of the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery for Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy |
| | | Grades of Friedman et al for Tonsillar Size |
| | | Tonsilloliths and Tonsillolithiasis |
| | | Grades of Brodsky for Tonsillar Size |
| | | Indications of Harley for Tonsillectomy in a Child with Asymmetric Tonsillar Enlargement |
| Halitosis and Oral Malodor |
| | | Clinical Evaluation of Halitosis |
| | | Indications That the Mouth May Be the Source for Halitosis |
| | | Halitophobia |
| Discoloration of the Teeth |
| | | Differential Diagnosis of Tooth Discoloration |
| | | Enamel Fluorosis |
| | | Tetracycline-Associated Tooth Discoloration |
| | | The Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis (TSIF) |
| | | Calculating the Daily Dose of Fluoride from the Drinking Water |
| | | Tooth Stain Index of Macpherson et al (Modified Tooth Stain Index of Lobene) |
| | | Erythrodontia in Porphyria |
| Tongue Size and Macroglossia |
| | | Identification of Pseudomacroglossia |
| | | Clinical and Cephalometric Features of Macroglossia |
| | | Calculating Tongue Volume on an Imaging Scan |
| | | Classification of Vogel et al for True Macroglossia |
| Mouth Opening and Dimensions |
| | | Measurements of Mouth Opening |
| | | Mandibular Mobility Index of Helkimo |
| | | Equation of Stephan and Henneberg for Predicting Mouth Width from the Inter-Canine Width |
| Salivary Gland Disorders |
| | | Algorithm for Evaluation of Bentz et al for Masses of the Salivary Gland Region in Children |
| | | Gustatory Sweating (Frey Syndrome) After Parotidectomy |
| | | Pneumoparotid |
| | | Postoperative Pneumoparotid (Anesthesia Mumps) |
| | | Sialadenosis of the Parotid Glands |
| | | Pseudo-Enlargement of the Parotid Glands Associated with Masseter Muscle Hypertrophy |
| | | Bilateral Enlargement of the Parotid Glands in Bulimia |
| | | Uveoparotid Fever (Heerfordt Syndrome) in Sarcoidosis |
| | | Enlargement of the Salivary Glands in Sarcoidosis |
| | | Management Options for a Patient with Reduced Flow of Saliva |
| | | Clinical Features of Recurrent Parotitis in Children |
| | | Clinical Features of Mucus Escape Reaction (Mucocele, Ranula, Mucus Retention Cyst) |
| Tooth Fracture and the Cracked Tooth Syndrome |
| | | Risk Factors of Maxwell and Braly for Incomplete Tooth Fracture |
| | | Evaluation of the Patient with a Cracked Tooth |
| | | Predisposition Index of Braly and Maxwell for Tooth Fracture |
| | | Classification of Dental Traumatic Fractures |
| Dental Care in Patients with Malignant Disease or Immunosuppression |
| | | Guidelines for Dental Extractions in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy With Myelosuppression |
| | | Oral Care Guidelines of Seto et al for a Patient After Bone Marrow Transplantation |
| Gingival Hyperplasia |
| | | Drug-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia |
| | | The Gingival Overgrowth Index (GOI) of Seymour et al |
| Dental Erosions and Wear |
| | | Dental Erosion Grading Scale of Eccles and Jenkins |
| | | Steps to Prevent Dental Erosions Associated with Gastric Acid Reflux |
| | | Classification of Aine et al for Dental Erosions in Children Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
| | | Tooth Wear Index of Smith and Knight |
| | | Features of Pathological Tooth Wear |
| | | Individual Tooth Wear Index of Ekfeldt et al |
| | | Risk Factors of Jarvinen et al for Dental Erosions |
| | | Clinical Features of Bruxism (Grinding of the Teeth) |
| Oral Changes in Substance Abuse |
| | | Oral Changes in Tobacco Chewers and Snuff Dippers |
| | | Oral Changes in Betel Nut (Areca Nut) Chewers |
| | | Oral Submucous Fibrosis (SF) in Betel Nut Chewers |
| | | Semi-Quantitative Clinical Examination of Warnakulasuriya for Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis |
| | | Oral and Dental Changes in a Cocaine Addict |
| | | Oral and Dental Changes in a Methamphetamine Addict (Meth Mouth) |
| | | Risk of Complications Following Mandibular Fracture in a Substance Abuser |
| Dental and Facial Findings in Patients with Congenital Syphilis |
| | | Dental and Facial Findings in Patients with Congenital Syphilis |
| Dentures |
| | | Questionnaire of Carlsson et al to Determine How Well a Patient Has Adapted to Dentures |
| | | Clinical Exam of Carlsson et al for a Patient with Complete Dentures |
| | | When an Alternative to Dentures Should Be Considered |
| Cysts and Congenital Malformations in the Head and Neck |
| | | Clinical Features of a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst |
| | | Indications of Radkowski et al for Performing a Thyroid Scan Prior to Surgery for a Possible Thyroglossal Duct Cyst |
| | | Clinical Features of Remnants of the Second Branchial Pouch and Cleft |
| | | Clinical Features of a Parathyroid Cyst |
| Burning Mouth Syndrome (Glossodynia, Oral Dysaesthesia) |
| | | Burning Mouth Syndrome (Glossodynia, Oral Dysaesthesia) |
| Dental Implants |
| | | Clinical Features of Peri-Implant Infections |
| | | Cumulative Interceptive Supportive Therapy (CIST) Severity Classes for Peri-implant Infection |
| | | Classification of Lekholm and Zarb for Bone Shape and Quality Relevant to Dental Implant |
| Hereditary Defects in Dental Development |
| | | Clinical Features of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta (Hereditary Opalescent Dentine) |
| Restorative Dentistry |
| | | Indications for the Use of a Stainless Steel Crown to Restore a Tooth |
| Evaluation of a Patient with Self-Biting |
| | | Evaluation of a Patient with Self-Biting |
| Periodontitis |
| | | Diseases Associated with an Increased Risk for Severe Periodontitis |
| Dental Extractions |
| | | Dry Socket Syndrome (Postextraction Alveolitis, Alveolar Osteitis, Fibrinolytic Alveolitis) |
| | | Indications of Poseillo for Surgical Removal of the Third Molars |
| | | Risk Factors of Renton and McGurk for Lingual Nerve Injury During Mandibular Third Molar Surgery |
| | | Indications of Peterson for Removal of an Impacted Third Molar |
| Evaluation of a Patient with the Numb Chin Syndrome |
| | | Evaluation of a Patient with the Numb Chin Syndrome |
| Cysts of the Mandible and Maxilla |
| | | Evaluation and Management of a Patient with a Odontogenic Keratocyst |
| Oral Ulceration |
| | | Clinical Features of Aphthous Ulcers |
| | | Types of Aphthous Ulcers |
| | | Factors That May Trigger a Recurrence of Aphthous Ulcers |
| | | Modified Diagnostic Tree of Scully et al for a Patient with Recurrent Oral Ulcerations |
| | | Oral Ulceration Associated with Nicorandil Therapy |
| Emphysema of the Oral Mucosa |
| | | Emphysema of the Oral Mucosa |
| Adverse Effects of Chewing Gum |
| | | Adverse Effects of Chewing Gum |
| Osteonecrosis of the Mandible or Maxilla Associated with Bisphosphonate Therapy |
| | | Osteonecrosis of the Mandible or Maxilla Associated with Bisphosphonate Therapy |
| | | Phosphorus Necrosis of the Jaw (Phossy Jaw) |
| Evaluation of a Patient with a Neck Mass |
| | | Rule of 7 for a Patient with a Neck Mass |
| Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) |
| | | Clinical Patterns of Oral Lichen Planus |
| Disorders of Permanent Dentition |
| | | Risk Factors of Holtta et al for Disturbed Dental Root Development Associated with Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation |
| | | Defect Index (DeI) of Holtta et al for Defects in Permanent Dentition |
| Benign Nasal Lesions |
| | | Histologic Differentiation of an Inflammatory Nasal Polyp from a Nasal Polyp in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis |
| | | Evaluation of a Nasal Glial Nodule |
| Evaluation of the Patient with Rhinosinusitis |
| | | The S5 Score of Garbutt et al for Evaluating a Child with Acute Sinus Disease |
| | | Criteria of the AAO-HNS for Rhinosinusitis |
| | | Clinical Features of Allergic Rhinitis |
| | | Temporal Classification of the AAO-HNS for Adult Rhinosinusitis |
| | | Criteria of Lund and Mackay for Staging Rhinosinusitis |
| | | Findings of Brandt and Bernstein Suggesting Nonallergic Vasomotor Rhinitis |
| | | Clinical Findings in Primary Atrophic Sinusitis (Ozena) |
| | | Clinical Features of Rebound Rhinits (Rhinitis Medicamentosa) |
| Anatomic Defects of the Nose |
| | | Perforation of the Nasal Septum |
| | | Indications for Correction of a Deviated Nasal Septum |
| Discoloration of the Oral Mucosa |
| | | Causes of Discolored Oral Mucosa |
| | | Clinical Features of Amalgam Tattoo of the Oral Mucosa |
| Epistaxis (Nosebleed) |
| | | First Aid for a Nosebleed |
| | | Possible Causes of a Nosebleed |
| Vascular Disorders of the Head and Neck |
| | | Varices of the Oropharynx and Pharynx (Sublingual Varices, Other) |
| | | Ischemic Damage to the Tongue |
| Facies |
| | | Clinical Features of the Adenoid Facies |
| | | Facial Features of a Patient with Thalassemia |
| Evaluation of the Paranasal Sinuses |
| | | Radiographic Classification of Yoshino et al for the Frontal Sinuses |
| Oral Involvement in Autoimmune Disease |
| | | Clinical Features of Oral Pemphigoid |
| | | Oral Changes Associated with Crohn's Disease |
| | | Strawberry Gums and Other Oral Changes Associated with Wegener's Granulomatosis |
| Orofacial Granulomatous Inflammation |
| | | Vegetable (Pulse) Granuloma |
| | | Clinical Features of Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome |
| | | Clinical Features of Orofacial Granulomatosis |
| Disorders of the External Ear Canal |
| | | Indications for Referral of a Patient with Cerumen Impaction to a Specialist |
| | | Potential Complications After the Use of an Ear Candle |
| |
| TOP |