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 | Body Temperature and Estimated Time of Death |
| |  | Rules of Thumb for Using Temperature to Determine Time of Death |
| | | Equation of De Saram |
| | | Method of Green and Wright |
| | | Method of Fiddes and Patten |
| | | Method of Al-Alousi and Anderson |
| Other Methods for Estimating the Time of Death |
| |  | Vitreous Humor Potassium and Estimated Time Since Death |
| | | Patterns of Post-Mortem Electrical Excitability of Skeletal Muscle |
| | | Complement Cleavage and Time Since Death |
| | | Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate and Time of Death |
| | | Cerebrospinal Fluid Potassium and Time of Death |
| Evaluation of Abuse and Neglect |
| | | Dating Fracture Healing in Children |
| | | Thermal Burn (Scalding) from Hot Water Exposure |
| | | Dating of Bruises Following Injury |
| | | Risk Factors of Shugarman et al for Abuse of a Geriatric Person |
| | | Common Features of Injuries Caused by Domestic Violence |
| | | Risk Factors for Abuse of a Demented Patient |
| | | Equation of Wells et al for Predicting Intentional Head Injury in Children Younger Than 3 Years of Age Presenting With Intracranial Hemorrhage |
| | | Burn Profile of Hight et al for Identifying Possible Child Abuse |
| | | Checklist of Dubowitz and Black to Evaluate a Child for Neglect |
| | | Clinical Findings That May Indicate Possible Elder Abuse |
| | | Family Dynamics That Foster Abuse |
| | | Bride Burning or Mutilation |
| | | Bruising Patterns of Maguire et al Suggestive for Physical Child Abuse |
| | | Categories of Elder Abuse and Maltreatment |
| | | Pseudo-Abuse in a Geriatric Patient |
| | | Common Findings in a Person Who Commits Elder Abuse |
| | | Risk Factors of Hindley et al for Recurrence of Child Maltreatment |
| | | Screening Checklist of Hamilton and Browne for Predicting the Risk of Rereferral of a Child for Abuse |
| | | Risk Factors of Kyriacou et al for a Woman Being Injured As a Result of Domestic Violence |
| Firearm Injuries |
| | | Estimating Distance from Gun to Victim |
| | | Identification of Shotgun Pellet from Size and Weight |
| | | Classification of Sherman and Parrish for Shotgun Wounds |
| | | Estimation of Effective Shotgun Range from Wound Radiograph |
| | | Dimensions of Gunshot Pellets Made from Different Metals |
| | | Formula for Relating Diameter and Number in Numbered Shot |
| | | Shored (Reinforced) Exit Wound |
| | | Equation of Mattoo et al for the Depth of Shot Penetration Based on the Energy to Area of Presentation Ratio (E/a) |
| | | Estimating a Shotgun Pellet's Velocity at the Time of Impact |
| | | Classification of Ordog et al for Bullet Velocity |
| Criteria for Postmortem Examination |
| | | Criteria for Coroner or Medical Examiner Postmortem Examination |
| | | Indications and Criteria for Performing a Hospital Autopsy |
| | | Criteria for a Private Autopsy |
| | | Criteria for Valid Permit to Postmortem Examination |
| | | Indications for Performing the Exhumation of a Corpse |
| | | Effects of Embalming on a Postmortem Examination |
| Estimation of Body Height from Physical Remains |
| | | Infant Body Length Estimates from Length of the Long Bones |
| | | Pearson's Formulas for Estimating Adult Body Height from Length of Long Bones |
| | | Equations of Munoz et al for Estimating Adult Body Height from the Length of Long Bones in a Spanish Population |
| | | General and Stature Group Specific Equations of Can Pelin and Duyar for Estimating Height from Tibia Length in a Turkish Population |
| | | Equations of Boldsen for Predicting the Height from Long Bones of the Lower Extremity in Europeans |
| Estimation of Age from Physical Remains |
| | | Estimation of Age Based on the State of Dental Eruption |
| | | Estimation of Age in Chinese Females from Measurements of the Sternum |
| | | Age Estimation from Histologic Examination of the Rib and Clavicle |
| | | Age Estimation from the Closure of Cranial Sutures |
| | | Age Estimation from Examination of the Pubic Symphysis |
| | | Estimation of Age Using the Method of Singh and Gunberg for the Quantitative Histology of Bone Fragments |
| | | Estimation of Age Based on the Ratio of the D to L Enantiomers of Aspartic Acid in Decalcified Collagen from Human Dentin |
| | | Method of Lamendin et al for Age Estimation Based on the Adult Dentition |
| | | Method of Liversidge and Molleson for Age Estimation Based on Permanent Tooth Length |
| Determination of Gender from Physical Remains |
| | | Determination of Gender from Measurements of the Radius |
| | | Determination of Gender from Measurement of the Ulna |
| | | Determination of Gender from Measurements of the Scapula |
| | | Determination of Gender from Measurements of the Clavicle |
| | | Determination of Gender from Measurement of the Calcaneus |
| | | Determination of Gender from Measurement of the Sternum |
| | | Determination of Gender Using the Ischiopubic Index |
| | | Determination of Gender from Measurement of the Femur |
| | | Determination of Gender from Measurements of the Metacarpal and Phalangeal Bones |
| | | Determination of Gender from Measurement of the Hipbone and Femur Using the Method of Albanese |
| | | Determination of Gender From Measurement of the Supero-Inferior Femoral Neck Diameter in Adult Europeans Using the Equation of Alunni-Perret et al |
| Determination of Race from Physical Remains |
| | | Distinguishing Race Based on the Intercondylar Shelf Angle in the Distal Femur |
| Genetic Studies for Identification |
| | | Antemortem Sources of Genetic Material for Identification Studies |
| Body Decomposition |
| | | Weathering of Bones |
| Animal Scavenging of Human Remains |
| | | Stages of Canid-Associated Scavenging of Human Remains |
| | | Changes to Human Bones Made by Carnivores |
| Identification of Tool Marks in Bone and Method of Body Dismemberment |
| | | Identification of Tool Marks in Bone and Method of Body Dismemberment |
| Identification of Human vs Animal Remains |
| | | Use of Long Bone Radiographs to Identify Human vs Animal Remains |
| Radiographic Examination of Human Remains |
| | | Actual Size of a Foreign Body Seen in X-Rays |
| | | Concordance in Radiographic Features |
| Evaluation of Torture Victims |
| | | Risk Factors for Torture |
| Evaluation of Fetal and Neonatal Demise |
| | | Dating Intrauterine Fetal Demise Based on Gross Examination |
| | | Estimating Gestational Age from Histology of Fetal Skin |
| | | Decision Tree of Keeling et al for the Modified Wigglesworth Classification of Perinatal Death |
| | | Classification System of Gardosi et al for Relevant Condition(s) at Fetal Death (ReCoDe) |
| | | Dating Intrauterine Fetal Demise Based on Microscopic Examination of Internal Organs |
| | | Postmortem Findings in a Neonate or Infant Distinguishing Stillbirth from Live Birth |
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) |
| | | Criteria for the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) of the 1991 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Expert Panel |
| | | Criteria of Koehler et al for Simultaneous Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SSIDS) |
| Evaluation of Sudden Death |
| | | Criteria for Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) |
| | | Evaluation of Sudden Death During Sexual Intercourse |
| | | Commotio Cordis |
| Death During Restraint or Police Custody |
| | | Risk Factors for Sudden Death in a Person with Hobble Restraint for Excited Delirium |
| | | Risk Factors of Reay and Eisele for Death or Serious Complications Following Restraint with a Neck Hold (Carotid Sleeper, Choke Hold) |
| Homicide |
| | | Clinical Classification of Marzuk et al for Murder-Suicide |
| | | Classification of Dietz for Mass, Serial and Sensational Homicides |
| | | Running Amok |
| | | Risk Factors for Infant Homicide (Infanticide) in the United States |
| | | Risk Factors of Craig for Infanticide and Neonaticide |
| | | Features of a Homicide Suggesting a Professional Contract Killing |
| | | Features of an Apparent Homicide Suggesting Staging By a Family Member |
| | | Features of a Murder Associated with Illegal Drug Trafficking |
| | | Homicide Using Herbal or Native Poisons |
| | | Homicide Injury Scale (HIS) of Safarik and Jarvis |
| Error Reduction in Forensic Medicine |
| | | Error Reduction in Performing a Medicolegal Post-Mortem Examination |
| | | Error Reduction in Collecting Specimens for Toxicologic and Chemical Analysis During a Medicolegal Post-Mortem Examination |
| | | Error Reduction in Analyzing and Reporting the Findings from a Post-Mortem Examination |
| | | How to Avoid Not Being Intentionally Misled in a Death Investigation |
| | | Scale of Pritt et al for Grading Errors in a Death Certificate Completed by a Clinician |
| | | Error Reduction in the Examination of a Gunshot Victim |
| Kidnapping and Abductions |
| | | Profile of the Typical Infant Abductor |
| Bombs and Bomb-Threats |
| | | Common Clues in Package or Mail Bombs |
| | | Checklist for a Person Receiving a Bomb Threat by Telephone |
| | | Classification of Marshall for Injuries Associated with an Explosive Device |
| | | Bomb Crime Scene Operation (SCENE Protocol) |
| Stalking |
| | | The Stalking Behavior Checklist of Coleman |
| Death Determinations |
| | | Guidelines for the Determination of Death |
| Human Trafficking |
| | | Health Risks in Victims of Human Trafficking |
| | | Factors Restraining a Female Victim of Human Trafficking |
| | | Factors Impacting the Success of Human Trafficking |
| Rape, Sexual Assualt and Sexual Abuse |
| | | Risk Factors of Salter et al for Sexually Abusive Behavior in Sexually Victimised Males |
| | | Sexual Abuse Risk Factor Checklist of Finkelhor for Sexual Victimization of Girls |
| | | FBI Classification of Rapists |
| | | Forensic Evidence to Collect from a Rape Victim |
| | | Laboratory Analysis to Document the Presence of Semen |
| | | Risk Factors of Sugar et al for Physical Injury After Sexual Assault of an Adolescent or Adult Female |
| | | FBI Criteria for a Preferential Child Molester (Pedophile) |
| | | FBI Classification for Collectors of Child and Adolescent Pornography |
| | | Evaluation of a Possible Victim of Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault (Date Rape Drug) |
| | | Risk Factors of Mitchell et al for Sexual Solicitation of a Pediatric Patient Over the Internet |
| Illegal Drug Trafficking and Production |
| | | Body Packing |
| | | Potential Hazards Associated with a Clandestine Drug Laboratory |
| Strangulation and Asphyxiation |
| | | Gross Pathologic Features in Strangulation |
| | | Accidental Asphyxiation During Hypoxia-Induced Sexual Stimulation or Autoerotic Practices |
| | | Determining the Distance That a Person Must Drop When Hanged |
| | | Causes of Death for a Person Being Hanged |
| | | Factors Affecting the Outcome of a Hanging |
| Identification of Motives for a Criminal Act |
| | | Indicators of Financial Difficulties |
| | | Personation and Signature Behavior at a Crime Scene |
| Arson |
| | | Criteria of DeHaan for Arson |
| | | Findings at a Fire That May Indicate a Profit-Motivated Arson |
| | | Major Reasons of Eckert for Fire Setting |
| Interviewing a Witness |
| | | Types of Witnesses |
| Drowning |
| | | Criteria of Pollanen et al for the Diatom Test in Drowning |
| Forensic Hypoglycemia |
| | | Suicide by Insulin Injection |
| | | Suicide by Sulfonylurea Ingestion |
| Workplace Violence |
| | | Risk Factors Associated with Workplace Violence |
| | | Risk Factors for Workplace Violence Involving Emergency Department Physicians |
| | | Prevention Strategies to Reduce or Prevent Workplace Violence |
| Evaluation of Blood Stains |
| | | Phenolphthalein Test for Presumptive Identification of Blood |
| | | Orthotolidine (o-Tolidine) Test for Presumptive Identification of Blood |
| | | Impact Angle for a Blood Stain |
| | | Determining the Point of Origin from a Group of Blood Stains |
| Postmortem Insect Activity |
| | | Epidermal Erosions Caused by Cockroaches, Ants or Other Insects |
| Cut, Stab and Puncture Wounds |
| | | Features of Hesitation Marks in Suicide |
| | | Features of Defense Wounds |
| | | Distinction Between a Sharp and Blunt Force Wound |
| Forensic Evaluation of a Healthcare-Related Death |
| | | Classification of Caplan for the Cause of Death in a Patient Receiving Medical Care |
| | | Procedure of Reay et al for Investigating an Anesthetic or Surgical Death |
| Bite Marks |
| | | Criteria of Fischer et al for Distinguishing Human from Dog Bites |
| Estimation of Body Weight from Physical Remains |
| | | Method of Sciulli and Pfau for Estimating a Child's Weight from Midshaft Diameter of the Femur |
| Confession and Admission of Guilt |
| | | Risk Factors for a False Confession |
| | | Features of a Voluntary False Confession |
| Chemical or Thermal Burns |
| | | Motivations for Assault By Burning |
| | | Complications in a Survivor of an Assault By Burning |
| Evaluation of Transportation Accidents |
| | | Findings That May Identify the Driver in an Automobile or Pilot in an Airplane Accident |
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