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 | Preoperative Patient Classification and Preparation |
| |  | American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System |
| | | Cardiac Anesthesia Risk Evaluation (CARE) Scale |
| | | Modification of the Anesthetic Risk Assessment by Peter and Lutz |
| | | Preoperative Fasting Protocol Recommended by the American Society for Anesthesiologists Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia for Non-Anesthesiologists |
| | | Deciding Whether to Preadmit or Plan to Discharge the Diabetic Patient Having Ambulatory Surgery |
| | | Operation Complexity Grades in the Veterans Admnistration (VA) |
| | | Formulas Used by Aust et al for Predicting 30-Day Surgical Mortality Based on the Veterans Administration 1997 NSQIP Risk Factors |
| | | Bedside Risk Formula of Aust et al for Predicting 30-Day Surgical Mortality |
| | | Preparations for Reducing Perioperative Complications in a Patient with Morbid Obesity |
| | | Classification of Cohen et al for the Complexity of a Surgical Procedure |
| | | Categories of Buth et al Used to Determine If a Patient Is Unfit for General Anesthesia and/or Major Surgery |
| | | Preoperative Questionnaire of Garcia-Miguel et al for a Pediatric Patient |
| Guidelines for Conscious Sedation |
| |  | Checklist for Equipment and Supplies Prior to Conscious Sedation |
| | | Contraindications for Conscious Sedation Being Performed by Non-Anesthesiologists |
| | | Contraindications to the Use of Nitrous Oxide for Procedural Sedation |
| | | Guided Risk Assessment (GRA) Tool for Pediatric Sedation |
| Sedation Scales and Scores |
| | | Sedation Scale of Cook and Palma |
| | | Sedation Scoring System of Nisbet and Norris |
| | | Modified Sedation Score in Children of Barker and Nisbet |
| | | Sedation Score of Mackenzie and Grant |
| | | Ramsay Sedation Score |
| | | Sedation Score of Skeie et al |
| | | Sedation Score of Sury and Cole |
| | | Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) Scale |
| | | Children's Hospital of Wisconsin Sedation Scale |
| | | Summary Table for Sedation Scores |
| Sedation in Critical Care |
| | | The Brussels Sedation Scale for Patients on Mechanical Ventilation |
| | | Bloomsbury Sedation Score |
| | | Cambridge (Addenbrooke's) Sedation Score |
| | | Sedation Score of Cohen and Kelly |
| | | Sedation Using Modified Glasgow Coma Score |
| | | Linear Sedation Scale |
| | | Sedation Score of McMenemin et al |
| | | Sedation Score of Yate et al |
| | | Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) |
| | | Sedation Scale of Chamorro et al |
| | | Sedation Effectiveness Scale of Chamorro et al |
| | | Sedation Scale of Hughes et al for Children in the Intensive Care Unit |
| | | Motor Activity Assessment Scale (MAAS) |
| | | Clinical Sedation Score of Hartwig et al for Children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit |
| | | The Minnesota Sedation Assessment Tool (MSAT) |
| | | The Vancouver Interaction and Calmness Scale for Evaluating an Adult Receiving Mechanical Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit |
| | | Indications of Crain et al for Monitoring the Bispectral Index (BIS) in a Pediatric Patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) |
| Tracheal Intubation and Mask Ventilation |
| | | Mallampati Score |
| | | Laryngoscopy Viewing Grade |
| | | Risk Index of El-Ganzouri for Difficult Tracheal Intubation |
| | | Algorithm for Recognition of the Difficult Airway for Tracheal Intubation |
| | | A Comprehensive Scoring System for Predicting Difficult Intubation |
| | | Predictive Rule for Difficult Intubation of Wilson et al |
| | | Predictive Criteria of Langeron et al for Difficult Mask Ventilation |
| | | Predicting Difficult Endotracheal Intubation Using the Equation of Bellhouse and Dore |
| | | Risk Factors for a Difficult Airway in Children with Microtia (Congenital Hypoplasia or Aplasia of the Auricle) |
| | | Discriminant Functions of Naguib et al for Predicting Difficult Laryngoscopy and Intubation |
| | | Risk Factors of Wang et al Causing a Difficult or Complicated Intubation |
| | | Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS) of Adnet et al |
| | | Submental Intubation in a Patient with Maxillofacial Trauma |
| | | Classification of Jaber et al for Immediate Complications Following Endotracheal Intubation in the Intensive Care Unit |
| | | Risk Factors of Jaber et al for Immediate Complications Following Endotracheal Intubation in the Intensive Care Unit |
| Stages and Depth of Anesthesia |
| | | Criteria for an Inadequate Level of Anesthesia During a Procedure |
| | | Guedel's Stages and Planes of Anesthesia |
| | | The PRST Score of Evans and Davies for Depth of Anesthesia |
| Hyperthermia During Anesthesia |
| | | Malignant Hyperthermia Clinical Grading Scale |
| | | Identification of Susceptibility to Malignant Hyperthermia By Measuring Carbon Dioxide Production After Injection of Caffeine Into Skeletal Muscle |
| | | Perioperative Hyperthermia in a Patient with Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
| Risk of Complications after Anesthesia and Surgery |
| | | Risk Indicators of Pedersen et al for Mortality in Hospital After Anaesthesia and Surgery |
| | | Mortality Risk in Patients with Coexisting Conditions Undergoing Elective Surgery |
| | | Model of Wolters et al for Predicting Postoperative Complications from ASA Classification and Perioperative Variables |
| | | Predicting Perioperative Mortality Using ASA Classification and Cardiac Risk Index |
| | | Prognostic Index of Reiss et al for Predicting Operative Mortality in Geriatric Patients |
| | | Prediction of Severe Perioperative Adverse Outcomes Using the Data of the Multicenter Study of General Anesthesia |
| | | Equation of Tiret et al for Predicting Risk of Anesthesia Complications in Patients Over 40 Years of Age |
| | | Risk of Serious Perioperative Complications Based on Patient and Surgical Characteristics Including Self-Reported Exercise Tolerance |
| | | Identification of Patients Undergoing Head and Neck Cancer Surgery at High Risk for Medical Complications |
| | | Risk Factors of Boyd et al for Colon Resection |
| | | Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress (E-PASS), with Preoperative Risk Score (PRS), Surgical Stress Score (SSS) and Comprehensive Risk Score (CRS) |
| | | Criteria of Shoemaker et al to Identify High Risk Surgical Patients |
| | | Risk Factors of Palmberg and Hirsjarvi for Post-Operative Mortality in Geriatric Patients |
| | | Risk Factors of Pedersen et al for Cardiopulmonary Complications After Anesthesia and Surgery |
| | | Risk Factors of Alves et al for Morbidity and Mortality Following Colorectal Surgery |
| | | Model of Longo et al from the VA NSQI Program for Predicting 30 Day Mortality After Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer |
| | | Risk Factors of Longo et al from the VA NSQI Program for Postoperative Complications Following Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer |
| | | Risk Factors of Harris et al for Prolonged Hospitalization with Critical Care After Elective Cervical Spine Surgery |
| | | Risk Factors of Roche et al for Postoperative Complications Following Repair of a Hip Fracture |
| | | Comorbid Risk Factors of Kikura et al for Perioperative Thromboembolic Events |
| | | Preoperative Risk Factors of Hollenbeck et al for Predicting Complications in a Patient Undergoing Transurethral Resection of a Bladder Tumor |
| | | Acute Postoperative Frailty in an Elderly Patient |
| | | Risk Factors of Cohen et al for Predicting Mortality Within 7 Days of Surgery |
| | | Risk Factors of Seymour and Pringle for Postoperative Complications in an Elderly Patient |
| | | Surgical Outcome Score of Gawande et al (Surgical Apgar Score) |
| | | Outpatient Surgery Admission Index (OSAI) of Fleisher et al for Predicting Inpatient Hospital Admission Following Outpatient Surgery |
| | | Preoperative Risk Factors of McLaughlin et al for Complications Following Surgery for Hip Fracture |
| Recovery Following Anesthesia or Sedation |
| | | Simplified Scoring System for the Post-Operative Recovery Room |
| | | Postanesthetic Recovery Score of Aldrete and Kroulik |
| | | Postanesthetic Scoring System of Notre Dame Hospital |
| | | Postanesthetic Recall Score in Children |
| | | Postanesthetic Recovery Score of Robertson et al |
| | | Post-Anesthetic Discharge Score System |
| | | Fast-Track Discharge of Outpatients Following Ambulatory Surgery |
| | | Discharge Criteria Following Sedation or Ambulatory Surgery |
| | | The Vancouver Sedative Recovery Scale for Children |
| | | The Short-Stay Surgery Discharge Score (SSSDS) |
| Dealing With Anxiety Associated with Anesthesia and Surgery |
| | | Questionnaire to Identify Specific Sources of Pre-Operative Anxiety for Parents |
| | | Risk Factors of Caumo et al for Postoperative Anxiety in Adults |
| | | Factors of Ramsay Associated with Pre-Operative Anxiety |
| | | Risk Factors of Kain et al for Preoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Behavioral Problems in Children |
| Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) |
| | | Risk Score of Apfel et al for Predicting Postoperative Vomiting in Adults |
| | | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Following Outpatient Tympanomastoidectomy |
| | | Probability of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Using the Equation of Sinclair et al |
| | | Guidelines of Watcha for Cost-Effective Management of a Patient with Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) |
| | | Guidelines of Gan for Reducing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) |
| | | Predictive Model of Palazzo and Evans for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) |
| | | Risk Scores of Koivuranta et al for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) |
| | | Clinical Record of Koivuranta et al for Evaluating Patients with Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting |
| | | Simplified 4-Item Risk Score of Apfel et al Predicting Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) |
| | | Risk Factors of Cohen et al for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) |
| | | Risk Model of Scholz et al for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) |
| | | Risk Score of Apfel et al for Predicting Postoperative Vomiting in an Adult Based on the Type of Surgery |
| | | Model of Eberhart et al for Predicting Postoperative Vomiting in a Pediatric Patient (POVOC-Score) |
| Perioperative Management of a Patient with a Hematologic Disorder |
| | | Perioperative Management of a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease |
| | | Preoperative Hemodilution in a Patient with Polycythemia Associated with Cyanotic Heart Disease |
| | | Perioperative Management of a Patient with Methemoglobinemia |
| Perioperative Renal and Urinary Tract Complications |
| | | Management of Urinary Retention Following Outpatient Surgery |
| | | Criteria for Perioperative Renal Dysfunction |
| | | Predictive Index of Wijeysundera et al for Renal Replacement Therapy Following Cardiac Surgery |
| | | Bedside Tool of Mehta et al for Identifying a Patient at Risk for Postoperative Renal Failure and Dialysis Following Cardiac Surgery |
| Post-Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) |
| | | Grades of Dittmann et al for Severity of Post-Dural Puncture Headache |
| | | Classification and Severity Grades of Corbey et al for Post-Dural Puncture Headache |
| | | Risk Factors Affecting the Probability of Post-Dural Puncture Headache |
| | | Clinical Criteria for the Diagnosis of Post-Dural Puncture Headache |
| | | Epidural Blood Patch in a Patient with a Post-Dural Puncture Headache |
| | | Predicting the Risk of Post-Dural Puncture Headache Using the Model of Lybecker et al |
| Perioperative Complications Affecting the Airways |
| | | Risk Factors for Perioperative Pulmonary Aspiration |
| | | Risk Factors for Postoperative Macroglossia |
| | | Airway Hyperreactivity Score of Pappas et al for Airway Hyperreactivity Associated with Anesthesia |
| | | Risk Factors Associated with Laryngospasm During Anesthesia |
| Postanesthetic Apnea |
| | | Infants and Young Children at Risk for Postanesthetic Apnea |
| Calculating the Cost of Anesthetic Vapors Using the Equation of Dion |
| | | Calculating the Cost of Anesthetic Vapors Using the Equation of Dion |
| Error Prevention in Anesthesiology |
| | | Factors Associated with Preventable Incidents in Anesthesia Administration |
| Complications Associated with Anesthetic Agents and Drugs in the Perioperative Period |
| | | Postoperative Megaloblastic Anemia and Neuromyelopathy Following Nitrous Oxide Exposure |
| | | The Propofol Infusion Syndrome in Children |
| | | Paradoxical (Disinhibition) Reactions to Benzodiazepines During Conscious Sedation |
| | | Hepatitis Associated with Halogenated Anesthetics (Halothane Hepatitis) |
| | | Complications Associated with Local Anesthetic Agents |
| | | Risk Factors for Toxicity Associated with a Local Anesthetic Agent |
| | | Muscle Rigidity Associated with Parenteral Fentanyl and Other Opioids |
| Neuromuscular Blockade |
| | | Train of Four (TOF) Stimulation for Assessing Neuromuscular Blockade |
| | | ASHP Algorithm Use of Neuromuscular Blockade in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) |
| | | Bolus Test Dose Technique of Harrison for Predicting the Infusion Rate of Rocuronium |
| | | Bolus Test Dose Technique of Harrison for Predicting the Infusion Rate of Vecuronium |
| | | Guidance Graph of Simpson and Souter for the Infusion Rate of Atracurium |
| | | Bolus Test Dose Equations of Morgan and Pollard for Predicting the Infusion Rate of Vecuronium |
| | | Indications for Monitoring Neuromuscular Function During and After Surgery |
| Evaluation of the Patient During Laparoscopy |
| | | Diagnosis of Subcutaneous Emphysema and Capnothorax During Laparoscopy with Carbon Dioxide Insufflation |
| | | Diagnosis of Carbon Dioxide Embolism During Laparoscopy with Carbon Dioxide Insufflation |
| Fire in the Operating Room |
| | | Airway Fire During Laser Surgery in the Upper Airway |
| | | Risk Factors for a Fire During Surgery |
| | | Prevention of a Fire During Surgery |
| Safe Handling of Anesthetic Gases |
| | | OSHA Recommendations for Handling Waste Anesthetic Gases |
| | | Risk Factors for Excessive Exposure to Anesthetic Gases in the Operating Room |
| Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation |
| | | Risk Factors of Amar et al for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation |
| | | Index of Mathew et al for Post-Operative Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation |
| | | Index of Mathew et al for Post-Operative Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation |
| | | Risk Factors of Mueller et al for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery |
| Herbal and Alternative Therapies in Patients Undergoing Anesthesia |
| | | Identifying Patients Who Use Alternative Medicines Prior to Surgery |
| Epidural and Paravertebral Anesthesia |
| | | Risk Factors for Epidural or Spinal Hematoma Associated with Epidural Anesthesia or Spinal Puncture |
| | | Indications for Thoracic Paravertebral Block (TPVB) |
| | | Equations of Hasan et al for Estimating the Depth of the Epidural Space in European Children |
| | | Equation of Bonadio et al for Estimating Lumbar Puncture Depth in Children |
| | | Equations of Lonnqvist and Hesser for Needle Insertion into the Thoracic Paravertebral Space in Infants and Children |
| | | Model of Hartmann et al for Hypotension Following Spinal Anesthesia Induction |
| | | Bedside Tests of el-Behesy et al for Distinguishing Injected Saline from Cerebrospinal Fluid During Epidural Anesthesia |
| Anesthesia in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors |
| | | Risk Factors of Kinney et al for Perioperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Intra-Abdominal Surgery for Metastatic Carcinoid Tumors |
| | | Risk Factors of Kinney et al for Perioperative Adverse Effects in Patients Undergoing Resection of a Pheochromocytoma or Paraganglioma |
| Physiologic Monitoring of the Patient in the Perioperative Period |
| | | Indications of Buhre and Rossaint for Monitoring Blood Pressure with an Intra-Arterial Catheter |
| Anesthesia Management in Patients with Congenital Malformations or Inherited Metabolic Conditions |
| | | Recommendations of Krishnan et al for Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Achondroplasia |
| | | Recommendations of Yamashita et al for Anesthetic Management of a Patient with the Cri du Chat (Partial Deletion 5p) Syndrome |
| | | Anesthetic Considerations in a Patient with Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
| | | Anesthetic Considerations in a Patient with Achondroplasia |
| | | Anesthetic Considerations in a Patient with Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis |
| | | Anesthetic Considerations in a Patient with Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1b |
| | | Risk Factors for Problems Administering Anesthesia to a Patient with a Mucopolysaccharidosis |
| | | Recommendations of Walker et al for Administering Anesthesia to a Patient with a Mucopolysaccharidosis |
| | | Recommendations of Spitz and Kiely for Administering Anesthesia to Conjoined Twins |
| Perioperative Hepatobiliary Complications |
| | | Biochemical Criteria for Perioperative Biliary Dysfunction |
| Supraglottic Sealing Airways |
| | | Oropharyngeal Leak Pressure (OLP) |
| | | Algorithm of Berry et al for Selecting the Size of Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) for a Normal Adult |
| | | Scoring Sytem of Brimacombe and Berry to Describe the Position of the Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) Using a Fiberoptic Laryngoscope |
| | | Modified Score of Miller for Evaluating a Supraglottic Sealing Airway |
| Awareness and Recall Following Anesthesia |
| | | Risk Factors Associated with Awareness and Recall Following Anesthesia |
| Histamine Release and Allergic Reactions During Anesthesia |
| | | Recommendations for Administration of Anesthesia in a Patient with a Systemic Mast Cell Disorder |
| | | Risk Factors of Laxenaire et al for Histamine Release During Anesthesia |
| Anesthesia in a Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) |
| | | Preoperative Screening of a Patient for Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
| | | Perioperative Management of a Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
| | | Recommendations of Esclamado et al for Perioperative Management of a Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
| Perioperative Neurologic Complications |
| | | Risk Factors of Gootjies et al for Postoperative Stupor and Coma |
| | | Pneumocephalus After Cranial Surgery |
| | | Risk Score of Marcantonio et al for Predicting Postoperative Delirium Following Elective Noncardiac Surgery |
| | | Risk Factors of Wang et al for Postoperative Delirium Following Major Head and Neck Surgery |
| | | Preoperative Risk Factors of Weed et al for Identifying a Patient at Risk for Delirium Following Major Head and Neck Cancer Surgery |
| | | Preoperative Risk Factors of Litaker et al for Identifying a Patient at Risk for Postoperative Delirium (Cleveland Clinic Acute Confusion Score, CCC) |
| | | Risk Factors of Kalisvaart et al for Postoperative Delirium in an Elderly Patient Undergoing Hip Surgery |
| | | Risk Factors of Selim for Perioperative Stroke |
| | | Prediction of Encephalopathy or Stroke After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery |
| | | Model of Charlesworth et al for Predicting Perioperative Stroke in a Patient Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery |
| | | Predictive Model of Likosky et al for Perioperative Stroke in a Patient Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery |
| Shivering |
| | | Classification of Casey et al for Shivering During Epidural Anesthesia |
| | | Grades of Singh et al for Post-Anesthesia Shivering |
| | | Grades of Pauca et al for Shivering |
| | | Adverse Effects of Shivering for the Post-operative Patient |
| | | Modified Scales of Kurz et al for Postoperative Thermal Comfort and Shivering |
| Perioperative Hypothermia |
| | | Risk Factors for Unintended Perioperative Hypothermia |
| Perioperative Hiccups |
| | | Causes of Postoperative Hiccups |
| Postoperative Pain |
| | | Risk Factors of Thomas et al for Severe Post-Operative Pain |
| | | Model of Kalkman et al for Predicting Severe Postoperative Pain |
| | | Risk Factors of Bisgaard et al for Early Pain in a Patient Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy |
| | | Clinical Features of Persistent Postoperative Neuropathic Pain |
| Preoperative Patient Testing |
| | | Indications for Measuring a Patient's Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Prior to Surgery |
| | | Indications for Performing Liver Function Tests on a Patient Prior to Surgery |
| | | Indications for Measuring BUN and Creatinine on a Patient Prior to Surgery |
| | | Indications for Performing a Chest X-ray on a Patient Prior to Surgery |
| | | Indications for Performing an ECG on a Patient Prior to Noncardiac Surgery |
| | | Indications for Measuring Glucose on a Patient Prior to Surgery |
| | | Indications for Measuring Pulmonary Function Prior to Surgery |
| | | Indications for Measuring the PT and aPTT Prior to Surgery |
| Local and Topical Anesthesia |
| | | Model of Fein et al for Predicting Use of a Topical Anesthetic Agent Before Insertion of an Intravenous Catheter in a Pediatric Patient in the Emergency Department |
| | | Risk Factors for Serious Adverse Effects Following Use of Topical Anesthetics |
| Mask Ventilation |
| | | Risk Factors of Langeron et al and Kheterpal et al for Difficult Mask Ventilation |
| | | Ventilation of a Man with a Beard Causing a Poor Mask Seal |
| Perioperative Management of a Patient with an Autoimmune Disorder |
| | | Identifying a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Should Be Screened for Cervical Spine Disease Prior to Surgery |
| | | Identifying a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Should Be Screened for Laryngeal Disease Prior to Surgery |
| Regional Anesthesia and Nerve Blocks |
| | | Contraindications to Regional Anesthesia |
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