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 | Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) |
| |  | Formula for Normal Range Westergren ESR for Gender |
| | | Correction of ESR to a Hematocrit of 40% |
| | | Factors That Can Affect the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) |
| | | Simplified Method of Pawlotsky et al for the Sigma ESR |
| | | Nomogram of Manely for Correcting the Erythrocyte Sediminatrion Rate (ESR) Based on Room Temperature |
| Formulas for Differentiating Iron Deficiency from Thalassemia Minor |
| |  | Mentzer Formula |
| | | England-Fraser Formula |
| | | Shine-Lal Formula |
| | | M / H Ratio |
| | | RDW * HDW |
| | | MCV / MCH Ratio |
| | | MCH / RBC Ratio |
| | | RDW / RBC Ratio |
| | | Green and King Formula |
| | | Discriminant Functions of Eldibany et al for Diagnosing Microcytic Anemias |
| Iron Deficiency and Related Anemias |
| | | Calculating the Total Iron Replacement Dose in Iron Deficiency Anemia |
| | | Criteria for the Primary Defective Iron-Reutilization Syndrome |
| | | Amount of Iron Lost Through a Known Blood Loss with an Estimate for the Replacement Dose |
| | | Clinical Response to Adequate Iron Replacement |
| | | Indications for Intravenous Iron Replacement with Iron Dextran |
| | | Equation of Witte et al for Predicting Iron Deficiency from Serum Ferritin and the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) |
| | | Algorithm of Mulherin et al for the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia vs Anemia of Chronic Disease in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| | | Use of Soluble Serum Transferrin Receptor to Evaluate an Anemic Patient with a Low Serum Iron Level |
| | | Stages of Iron Depletion and Deficiency |
| | | Clinical Findings in Iron Deficiency Not Associated with Anemia |
| | | Scoring System of Casanova et al for Identifying Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Pregnant Woman |
| | | Staging Iron Deficiency Using the Concentration of Zinc Protoporphyrin |
| Reticulocyte Count Correction and Indices |
| | | Corrected Absolute Reticulocyte Count from RBC Count |
| | | Corrected Reticulocyte Count for Hct (Reticulocyte Index) |
| | | Reticulocyte Production Index (RPI) |
| | | Reticulocyte Production Index by a Single Equation |
| Evaluation of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin |
| | | Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content |
| | | RBC-to-Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Concentration Ratio |
| Red Cell Parameters |
| | | Wintrobe's Formula for Red Cell Indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) |
| | | Estimating Hematocrit from Hematologic Parameters |
| | | Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) |
| | | Hemoglobin Correction for Altitude |
| | | Hematocrit to Hemoglobin Ratio and Hemoconcentration |
| Osmotic Fragility |
| | | Osmotic Fragility |
| Red Blood Cell Production at Steady State |
| | | Red Blood Cell Production at Steady State |
| Aplastic Anemia and Pure Red Cell Aplasia |
| | | Grading Severe Aplastic Anemia |
| | | Criteria of Kwong et al for Response to Therapy for a Patient with Pure Red Cell Aplasia |
| | | Aplastic Anemia Following Infectious Mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr Virus, EBV) |
| | | Aplastic Anemia Following an Episode of Viral Hepatitis |
| | | Hypoplastic or Aplastic Anemia Associated with a Thymoma |
| Hemoglobin Electropheresis |
| | | Hemoglobin Electropheresis |
| | | Estimating the P50 for Hemoglobin from a Venous Blood Sample |
| Sickle Cell Disease |
| | | Acute Splenic Sequestration in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease |
| | | Prediction of Risk for Severe Complications in Children with Sickle Cell Disease |
| | | Risk Factors for Early Death in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease |
| | | Clinical Danger Signs for Acute Complications in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease |
| | | Estimating the Pain Rate in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease Using the Equation of Platt et al |
| | | Indications for Starting and Continuing Hydroxyurea Therapy in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease |
| | | Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in Patients from the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia |
| | | Criteria of Galloway and Harwood-Nuss for Admitting a Patient with a Sickle Cell Crisis |
| | | Features of Kato et al for the Syndrome of Hemolysis-Associated Endothelial Dysfunction in Sickle Cell Disease |
| | | Factors Identified by Ware et al Predicting the Fetal Hemoglobin Response to Hydroxyurea Therapy in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia |
| | | Predictors of Adverse Outcome in a Pediatric Patient with Sickle Cell Anemia from the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease |
| | | Factors of Ballas and Lusardi for Hospital Readmission in an Adult with Acute Sickle Cell Pain |
| | | Severity Classification of Painful Crises in Sickle Cell Disease |
| Anemia in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) |
| | | Intensive Care Unit Anemia Score of Milbrandt et al |
| Hereditary Spherocytosis |
| | | Screening for Hereditary Spherocytosis With MCHC and RDW |
| Platelet Parameters |
| | | Platelet Count Estimate from Peripheral Blood Smear |
| | | Manual Platelet Counts Using a Hemacytometer |
| | | EDTA-dependent Pseudothrombocytopenia |
| | | Residual Platelet Distribution Width in Thrombocytosis |
| | | Using the RBC to Platelet Ratio Method for Measuring the Platelet Count |
| White Blood Cell Count |
| | | White Cell Count Estimate from Peripheral Blood Smear |
| | | Correction of WBC for Nucleated Red Blood Cells |
| | | In Vitro Pseudoleukopenia |
| | | Absolute Phagocyte Count (APC) |
| Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Granulomatous Diseases |
| | | Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Granulomatous Diseases |
| Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Score |
| | | Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Score |
| Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
| | | FAB Classification of the Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
| | | Bournemouth Score of Mufti et al and Prognosis for the Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
| | | Score of Sanz et al and Prognosis for the Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
| | | Score of Goasguen et al and Prognosis for the Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
| | | Score of Varela et al and Prognosis for the Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
| | | Additional Factors Affecting the Prognosis for the Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
| | | A Prognostic Score for Myelodysplasia Based on Bone Marrow Histopathology (Hannover Score) |
| | | Dusseldorf Score and Prognosis in Primary Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
| | | International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) to Predict Survival in the Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
| | | FPC Prognostic Score of Passmore et al for Pediatric Myelodysplasia |
| | | Pavia Score and Prognosis for the Myelodysplastic Syndrome |
| | | Prognostic Score of Onida et al for Patients with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M.D. Anderson Prognostic Score, MDAPS) |
| | | Features of the 5q- Myelodysplastic Syndrome |
| | | Features of Refractory Cytopenia with Multilineage Dysplasia (RCMD) |
| | | Features of Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts (RAEB) in the WHO Classification for Myelodysplasia |
| | | Features of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) in the WHO Classification of Myelodysplasia |
| | | Features of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) in the WHO Classification of Myelodysplasia |
| | | Prognostic Factors for Patients Patients with Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) |
| | | Prognostic System of Matsuda et al for Patients with Refractory Anemia |
| | | Discriminant Score of Castro-Malaspina et al for Children with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia |
| | | Prognostic Index for Cytogenetics (PI Score) of Pfeilstocker et al for a Patient with Myelodysplasia |
| | | Modified Bournemouth Score of Worsley et al for Patients with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia |
| | | The Lausanne-Bournemouth (LB) Score of Parlier et al for a Patient with Primary Myelodysplastic Syndrome |
| | | The Lille Scoring Score of Morel et al for a Patient with a Primary Myelodysplastic Syndrome |
| | | The Four Parameter Dysplasia Index (DI) of Tassin et al for Survival in a Patient with a Myelodysplastic Syndrome (Liege Score) |
| | | The Granulation Score (G-Score) for Neutrophils of Widell et al |
| | | The Percentage of Pelgeroid Polymorphs (ppp) of Widell et al |
| | | Bone Marrow Dysplasia Score of Widell et al in a Patient with Myelodysplasia |
| | | Hematologic and Cytogenetic Score of Toyama et al for a Patient with Myelodysplasia |
| | | Risk Score of Gatto et al for a Patient with the Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) |
| | | Hematologic Features of a Myelodysplastic-like Syndrome in Copper Deficiency |
| | | Criteria of Cheson et al for Hematologic Improvement Following Therapy for a Myelodysplastic Syndrome (International Working Group to Standardize Response Criteria) |
| | | Criteria of Cheson et al for Disease Progression or Relapse After Hematologic Improvement Following Therapy for Myelodysplastic Syndrome (International Working Group to Standardize Response Criteria) |
| | | Criteria of Cheson et al for Complete or Partial Remission After Therapy for Myelodysplastic Syndrome (International Working Group to Standardize Response Criteria) |
| | | Prognostic Model of Ribera et al for a Patient with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) |
| | | Prognostic Groups of Tennant et al for Patients with Myelodysplasia |
| | | Criteria of Cheson et al for Cytogenetic Response Following Therapy for a Myelodysplastic Syndrome (International Working Group to Standardize Response Criteria) |
| | | Recommendations of Estey for Therapy of Low Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) to Reduce the Need for Blood Transfusions |
| | | Model of Saunthararajah et al for Identifying a Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome Who Is Likely to Respond to Immunosuppressive Therapy |
| | | Prognostic Score of Malcovati et al for the Myelodysplastic Syndrome Using the WHO Classification (WHO Classification-Based Prognostic Scoring System, WPSS) |
| | | The Category, Cytology, Cytogenetics (CCC) System of Mandel et al for Classifying Pediatric Myelodysplasia |
| Assessment of Bone Marrow Biopsy from the Iliac Crest |
| | | Normal Cellularity for the Bone Marrow Biopsy |
| | | Iron Staining in the Bone Marrow Biopsy |
| | | Reticulin in the Bone Marrow Biopsy |
| Nucleated Red Blood Cells |
| | | Method of Curtin et al for Estimating the Nucleated Red Blood Cell Count of a Newborn Infant at Birth Based on Histologic Examination of the Placenta |
| | | Prognostic Significance of Nucleated Red Blood Cells (NRBCs) for a Patient in the Intensive Care Unit |
| | | Causes of Increased Numbers of Nucleated Red Blood Cells in a Newborn Infant |
| | | Absolute Nucleated Red Blood Cell Count |
| Body Fluid Analysis |
| | | Body Fluid Cell Counts Using a Hemocytometer |
| | | Distinguishing Transudate vs Exudate in Pleural, Pericardial and Peritoneal Fluids |
| | | Distinguishing Urine from Ascitic or Pleural Fluid |
| | | Distinguishing Amniotic Fluid from Urine |
| | | Distinguishing Chylous from Pseudochylous (Chyliform, Cholesterol) Effusions |
| Mast Cell Disorders |
| | | Prognostic Factors in Systemic Mast Cell Disease |
| | | Score of Travis et al for Predicting Survival in Patients with Systemic Mast Cell Disease |
| | | Consensus Classification for Mastocytosis |
| | | WHO Criteria for Systemic Mastocytosis |
| | | B and "C" Findings in Patients with Systemic Mastocytosis |
| | | WHO Criteria for Nonmalignant Variants of Systemic Mastocytosis |
| | | WHO Criteria for Mast Cell Leukemia |
| | | WHO Criteria for Mast Cell Tumor (Mastocytoma) |
| | | WHO Criteria for Cutaneous Mastocytosis |
| Viscosity of Blood |
| | | Serum Viscosity |
| | | Hematocrit and Whole Blood Viscosity |
| Evaluation of an Enlarged Lymph Node |
| | | Algorithm of Slap et al for When to Biopsy an Enlarged Peripheral Lymph Node in a Young Patient |
| | | Recommendations for When to Biopsy an Enlarged Lymph Node |
| | | Solbiati Index (L to T Ratio) for the Sonographic Examination of a Lymph Node |
| Tests of Splenic Reticuloendothelial Function |
| | | Argyrophilic Inclusion Positive and Pocked Erythrocyte Counts |
| Splenomegaly and In Vivo Measurement of Splenic Volume |
| | | Sonographic Biometry of Spleen Size in Childhood |
| | | Grades of Hackett for Splenomegaly Based on the Clinical Examination |
| | | Normal Splenic Length in Infants and Children Based on the Study of Rosenberg et al |
| Splenectomy |
| | | Criteria for Hematologic Response to Splenectomy in a Patient with Suspected Sequestration |
| | | Evaluation of a Patient For Residual Splenic Tissue Following Splenectomy |
| Examination of the Peripheral Blood Smear |
| | | Evaluation of a Patient with Howell-Jolly Bodies in the Peripheral Blood Smear |
| | | Criteria for Pathologist Review of Peripheral Blood Smears |
| | | Features of a Leukoerythroblastic Reaction |
| | | Evaluation of a Peripheral Blood Smear with Possible Schistocytes |
| | | Indications of Bain for a Clinician to Request an Examination of a Peripheral Blood Smear |
| | | Distinguishing an Echinocyte (Burr Cell) from an Acanthocyte in a Peripheral Blood Smear |
| | | Amorphous Blobs in the Peripheral Blood Smear |
| Thalassemia |
| | | Algorithm of Kiss et al for Evaluation of a Patient with Microcytic Anemia for Thalassemia |
| | | Diagnostic Algorithm of Lafferty for Thalassemia |
| | | Genetic Factors of Rund and Rachmilewitz Affecting a Patient with Beta-Thalassemia |
| | | Common Clinical Syndromes in Beta-Thalassemia |
| Anemia Associated with Chronic Comorbid Conditions |
| | | Anemia of Chronic Disease |
| | | Cardio-Renal Anemia (CRA) Syndrome |
| Use of Erythropoietin (EPO) |
| | | Prediction Rules of Ludwig for Response to Erythropoietin in a Patient with Cancer and Chronic Anemia |
| | | Criteria for Response for Erythopoietin (Epoetin) in a Cancer Patient |
| | | Evaluating a Patient Who Has Failed to Respond to Erythropoietin |
| | | Predictors of Stenke et al for the Response to Erythropoietin in a Patient with a Myelodysplastic Syndrome |
| | | Pure Red Cell Aplasia Associated with the Use of Recombinant Erythropoietin |
| | | Predictive Factors of Musto et al for a Response to Darbepoetin alpha in a Patient with a Low-to-Intermediate Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome |
| | | Score of Hellstrom-Lindberg for Predicting Response to Erythropoietin Plus Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in an Anemic Patient with Myelodysplasia |
| Megaloblastic and Macrocytic Anemias |
| | | Evaluation of the Patient with Increased MCV but Normal Serum Folate and Vitamin B12 Levels |
| | | Masked Megaloblastic Anemia |
| | | Failure of Megaloblastic Anemia to Respond to Vitamin Replacement Therapy |
| Red Blood Cell Enzyme Disorders |
| | | Clinical Classes of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Enzyme Variants |
| | | Clinical Features of an Acute Hemolytic Episode After Fava Bean Ingestion in a Patient with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency (Favism, Fava Crisis) |
| Neutropenia and Agranulocytosis |
| | | Criteria of the International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Study for Agranulocytosis (IAAAS) |
| | | Criteria for the Diagnosis of Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis |
| | | Clinical and Laboratory Features of Cyclic Neutropenia |
| | | Prognostic Factors of Julia et al for a Patient with Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis |
| | | Clinical and Laboratory Features of Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis |
| Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Anemia |
| | | Algorithm for Classification of Anemia Based on Red Blood Cell Indices and the Reticulocyte Count |
| Anemia in Patients with HIV Disease |
| | | Risk Factors for Anemia in Patients with HIV Disease |
| | | Diagnostic Approach of Moore and Forney for Anemia in HIV-Infected Patients |
| | | Risk Factors of Bani-Sadr et al for Anemia in a Patient Coinfected with HIV and HCV |
| Erythrocytosis |
| | | Management of a Patient with Eisenmenger Syndrome and Erythrocytosis |
| | | Clinical Features of Hyperviscosity in Erythrocytosis |
| | | Erythocytosis (Polycythemia) Associated with Androgens and Steroid Hormones |
| | | Erythrocytosis Following Renal Transplantation (Post-Renal Transplantation Erythrocytosis) |
| Disorders of Neutrophil and Macrophage Function |
| | | Clinical Findings of Myeloperoxidase Deficiency in Neutrophils |
| | | Clinical Finding of Classic Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) with Pediatric Onset |
| | | Clinical Findings of Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) Diagnosed in the Adult |
| | | Clinical Findings Suggesting a Hereditary Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD) |
| | | Conditions Associated with Acquired Defects in Neutrophil Function |
| | | Indications for Evaluating a Patient for Inherited Defects in Macrophage Function (Inherited Susceptibility to Mycobacteria and Salmonella) |
| Causes for a False Positive Diagnosis of Anemia |
| | | Postural Pseudoanemia |
| Hematologic Disorders Associated with Immune or Rheumatologic Disorders |
| | | Differential Diagnosis of Ross et al for Hematologic Disorders in a Patient with a Systemic Vasculitis |
| Drug-Induced Anemia |
| | | Risk Factors of Hung et al for Anemia Associated with Antiviral Therapy in a Patient with Viral Hepatitis C |
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) |
| | | Indications to Test a Patient for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria |
| | | Laboratory Features of the Classic and Hypoplastic PNH Phenotypes |
| | | Red Blood Cell Phenotype Mosaicism in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (RBC Types) |
| | | Laboratory Screening of a Patient with Suspected Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria |
| | | Prognostic Factors of Socie et al Affecting Survival in a Patient with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) |
| Hemolytic Anemia |
| | | Hemolytic Anemia Following Heavy Alcohol Use (Zieve Syndrome) |
| | | Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia |
| | | Criteria of Tuutu et al for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant-Associated Microangiopathy |
| | | Risk Factors for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant-Associated Microangiopathy (TAM) |
| Extramedullary Hematopoiesis |
| | | Conditions Associated with Benign Nonhepatosplenic Extramedullary Hematopoiesis |
| | | Clinical Findings Associated with Benign Nonhepatosplenic Extramedullary Hematopoiesis |
| Benign Disorders of the Spleen |
| | | Causes of Splenosis |
| | | Locations and Distribution of Splenic Tissue in Splenosis |
| | | Locations for an Accessory Spleen |
| | | Classification of Losanoff et al for Nonparasitic Splenic Cysts |
| | | Classification of Morgenstern for Nonparasitic Splenic Cysts |
| | | Criteria of Morgenstern for Nonoperative Management of a Nonparasitic Splenic Cyst |
| Eosinophilia and Hypereosinophilic Syndrome |
| | | Clinical Findings in a Patient with the Hypereosinophilic Syndrome |
| | | Criteria for the Diagnosis of Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia (CEL) |
| | | Criteria for the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES) |
| Anemia in the Newborn |
| | | Anemia of Prematurity |
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