Overview :
Maull presented several heuristics for estimating blood loss in a patient after severe trauma.
External Blood Loss
Each 1 square foot (929 square cm) of blood (on clothing, on floor) represents approximately 100 mL of blood.
Fractures with Major Blood Loss
Fracture
Blood Loss
humerus
200 - 500 mL
tibia with/without fibula
400 - 700 mL
femur
1,000 - 1,500 mL
pelvis
> 2,000 mL
ribs
variable, may be major
Maull KI. Chapter 3: Head injury and multisystem trauma. pages 67-81 (page 75). IN: Gudeman SK (editor). Textbook of Head Injury. WB Saunders. 1989.