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Overview :
Russell developed an index for measuring periodontal disease
that could be used in population surveys. It can be based solely upon the
clinical examination, or it can make use of dental X-rays if they are available.
It places greater emphasis on advanced disease.
Scoring:
(1) Each tooth is scored separately according to the
following criteria.
(2) Rule: When in doubt, assign the lower score.
|
Criteria for
Field Studies |
Additional
X-Ray Criteria |
Score |
|
negative (neither overt inflammation in the investing
tissues, nor loss of function due to destruction of supporting
tissues) |
radiographic appearance normal |
0 |
|
mild gingivitis (overt area of inflammation in the free
gingivae, but this area does not circumscribe the tooth) |
|
1 |
|
gingivitis (inflammation completely circumscribes the
tooth, but there is no apparent break in the epithelial attachment) |
|
2 |
|
(not used in field study) |
early, notchlike resorption of the alveolar
crest |
4 |
|
gingivitis with pocket formation (the epithelial
attachment is broken, and there is a pocket. There is no interference with
normal masticatory function, the tooth is firm in its socket, and has not
drifted. |
horizontal bone loss involving the entire alveolar
crest, up to half of the length of the tooth root (distance from apex to
cemento-enamel junction) |
6 |
|
advanced destruction with loss of masticatory function
(tooth may be loose; tooth may have drifted; tooth may sound dull on
percussion with a metallic instrument; the tooth may be depressible in its
socket) |
advanced bone loss, involving more than half of the
length of the tooth root, or a definite intrabony pocket with definite
widening of the periodontal membranes. There may be root resorption, or
rarefaction at the apex |
8 |
(Table I, page 352, Russell)
individual score =
= AVERAGE(scores for all of the teeth in the mouth)
population score =
= AVERAGE(individual scores in population examined)
Interpretation:
• minimum score: 0
• maximum score: 8
• The higher the score, the more marked the periodontal
disease.
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Ciancio SG.
Current status of indices of gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1986; 13:
375-378.
Loe H,
Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta
Odontologica Scand. 1963; 21: 533-551.
Russell AL.
A system of classification and scoring for prevalence surveys of periodontal
disease. J Dental Research. 1956; 35: 350-359.
Shapiro S,
Pollack BR, Gallant D. A special population available for periodontal research.
Par II. A correlation and association analysis between oral hygiene and
periodontal disease. J Periodontology. 1971; 42: 161-165.
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