|
Overview :
T cells are important in allograft rejection. Changes in T
cell number, especially activated or cytotoxic T cells, may co-incide with
transplant rejection or tolerance by the donor. Monitoring T cell subsets for
predicting rejection is problematic and is infrequently done with improved
immunosuppressive regimens.
|
Marker |
Cell |
Normal Percentage of
Lymphocytes |
|
CD2+ |
T cells, NK cells |
72 - 92; 81 -
97; 65-90 |
|
CD2+, HLA-DR+ |
activated T cells |
1.1 - 7.5
|
|
CD3+ |
T cells |
53-88;
60-80 |
|
CD8+ |
T suppressor cells, T cytotoxic cells, NK cells |
13 - 37; 13 -
49 |
|
CD8+, CD11b+ |
NK cells (CD8 on 10-80% NK cells) |
1.1 -
16.3 |
|
CD8+, CD11b- |
cytotoxic T cells |
12.0 - 31.6
|
Increases in activated T cells (CD2+, HLA-DR+) and/or
cytotoxic T cells (CD8+, CD11b-) are associated with either:
• acute allograft rejection
• severe viral infections.
Decreases in total T cells (CD3+) is associated with
immunosuppression by antilymphocyte globulin or anti-T-cell monoclonal
antibody.
ratio of activated T cells to total T cells =
= (CD2+, HLA-DR+) / (CD2+)
Interpretation of activated-to-total T cell ratio:
• normal: 0.03-0.10
Limitations:
• Because
viral infections and other immune events can affect T cell subsets, this is
infrequently used to guide intervention for allograft rejection.
| References: | |
Gern JE, Lederman HM. Chapter 15:
Immunodeficiency. pages 254-275. (263). IN: Noe DA, Rock RC. Laboratory
Medicine. Williams and Wilkins. 1994.
Hayes JM,
Valenzuela R, et al. T11+/DR+ lymphocytes in renal allograft recipients with
irreversible rejection. Transplantation. 1988; 45:806-809.
Kjeldsberg
CR. Practical Diagnosis of Hematologic Disorders, 2nd edition. ASCP Press.
1995.pages 293-294, 317, 323-325.
Rose NR, de
Macario EC , et al. Manual of Clinical Laboratory Immunology, 4th edition. 1992.
page 838.
Tietz NW (editor). Clinical Guide to
Laboratory Tests, Third Edition. W.B. Saunders Co. 1995. pages 362-363
Tucker ES
III, Nakamura RM, Hicks MJ. Chapter 30: Diagnostic immunology. pages 837-863
(855). IN: Howanitz JH, Howanitz PJ (editors). Laboratory Medicine - Test
Selection and Interpretation. Churchill Livingstone. 1991.
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