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 Release 22.0, Sept. 2008
 
Chapter : ch15. Obstetics & Gynecology Section : Maternal Assessment During Pregnancy
  Hyperemesis Gravidarum

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Overview :

Nausea and vomiting is common during early pregnancy ("morning sickness") but is usually mild. Rarely a woman may experience severe, persistent nausea and vomiting sufficient to cause significant metabolic derangements requiring hospitalization.

 

Features of hyperemesis gravidarum:

(1) severe and persistent nausea and vomiting

(2) weight loss (greater than 5% of prepregnancy weight)

(3) moderate to severe dehydration

(4) electrolyte and acid base disturbances (hypochloremia, hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis)

(5) ketonuria

 

Differential diagnosis:

(1) normal levels of emesis

(2) bowel obstruction

(3) acute viral infections with gastrointestinal manifestations

(4) diabetic ketoacidosis

(5) urinary tract infection

 

Complications:

(1) malnutrition

(2) vitamin deficiencies, especially thiamine

(3) refeeding syndrome during nutritional repletion

 

  References:

A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors and the Clinical Guidelines Task Force. Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. JPEN (J Parenteral Enteral Nutrition). 2002; 26 Supplement: 93SA.

Wagner BA, Worthington P, et al. Nutritional management of hyperemesis gravidarum. Nutr Clin Practice. 2000; 15: 65-76.

Williams MC. Chapter 8: Hepatic, biliary, and gastrointestinal complications. pages 91 -119 (page 109). IN: Niswander KR, Evans AT. Manual of Obstetrics, Fifth Edition. Little, Brown and Company. 1996.

 

 

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